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Ozone (O3)
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Ozone (O3)
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Below is a list of Ozone (O3) monitoring satellites, including launch dates and links to information on the satellites. If readers know of additional information, please contact the authors using the e-mail addresses at the bottom of this page.
See also the ozone and ozone-related events page.
| Sections/divisions of the tables below | |
|---|---|
| Ozone-monitoring satellites (or Space Shuttle missions) | Ozone-monitoring instruments (on satellites) |
| Future satellites with ozone equipment | |
Chronological summary of ozone-monitoring satellites (or Space Shuttle missions)
| Launch Date | Satellite (or Space Shuttle Mission) | Instrument Acronym(s) or Name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ozone-monitoring satellites (or Space Shuttle missions) | ||
| 1960-08-12 | Echo-1 | Ground-based analysis of sunlight reflected by the balloon (passive method, inaccurate results; solar occultation; sunlight from limb was reflected to ground from the balloon) |
| 1962-07-18 | SAMOS-9 | UV radiometer (first experiment with active sensor; solar occultation limb scanning) |
| 1964-03-27 | Ariel-2 | Broadband filter photometer, simple prism spectrometer (solar occultation limb scanning) |
| 1964-09-13 | Kosmos-45 (experimental weather satellite) | BUV radiometer (first known BUV (backscatter UV) instrument; downward looking) |
| 1965-01-21 | OV1-1 | BUV radiometer (downward looking, 30° left of nadir) |
| 1965-04-17 | Kosmos-65 (experimental weather satellite) | BUV radiometer |
| 1965-10-16 | Kosmos-92 (experimental weather satellite) | BUV radiometer |
| 1966-06-25 | Kosmos-122 (pre-Meteor weather satellite) | BUV radiometer |
| 1966-12-11 | OV1-10 | BUV spectrophotometer |
| 1967-07-28 | OGO-4 | Ebert-Fastie scanning spectrometer |
| 1968-12-07 | OAO-2 | UV telescope/spectrophotometer (starlight occultation limb scanning) |
| 1969-04-13 | Nimbus-3 | IRIS |
| 1970-04-08 | Nimbus-4 | BUV spectrometer, IRIS |
| 1972-08-21 | OAO-3 | UV telescope/spectrometer (starlight occultation limb scanning) |
| 1975-06-12 | Nimbus-6 | LRIR (limb scanning) |
| 1975-11-20 | Explorer-55 (AE-5 or AE-E) | BUV (solar occultation limb scanning rather than downward-looking) |
| 1976-09-11 | DMSP-5D1-F1 | SSH (multi-channel filter radiometer) |
| 1977-06-04 | DMSP-5D1-F2 | SSH (multi-channel filter radiometer) |
| 1978-05-01 | DMSP-5D1-F3 | SSH (multi-channel filter radiometer) |
| 1978-10-24 | Nimbus-7 (longest-lasting mission; data 1978-1993) | LIMS (limb scanner (an update of the LRIR)), TOMS-1, SBUV |
| 1979-02-18 | Explorer-60 (AEM-B) | SAGE-1 |
| 1979-06-06 | DMSP-5D1-F4 | SSH (multi-channel filter radiometer) |
| 1979-06-27 | NOAA-6 | HIRS/2 (atmospheric sounder with 9.7 µm ozone channel) |
| 1980-07-14 | DMSP-5D1-F5 [launch failed] | SSH (multi-channel filter radiometer) |
| 1981-06-23 | NOAA-7 | HIRS/2 |
| 1981-10-06 | Explorer-64 / SME | UV ozone experiment, Four-Channel Infrared Radiometer, Airglow Instrument |
| 1983-03-28 | NOAA-8 | HIRS/2 |
| 1984-10-05 | ERBS (launched with STS-17 (41G)) | SAGE-2 |
| 1984-12-12 | NOAA-9 | SBUV/2 (based on the SBUV/TOMS-1 flown on Nimbus-7), HIRS/2 |
| 1986-09-17 | NOAA-10 | HIRS/2 |
| 1988-09-24 | NOAA-11 | SBUV/2, HIRS/2 |
| 1989-10-18 | STS-34 | SSBUV1-1 (GAS canister) |
| 1990-10-06 | STS-41 | SSBUV1-2 (GAS canister) |
| 1991-05-14 | NOAA-12 | HIRS/2 |
| 1991-08-02 | STS-43 | SSBUV1-3 (GAS canister) |
| 1991-08-15 | Meteor-3-5 (Meteor-TOMS) | TOMS-2 |
| 1991-09-12 | UARS (launched with STS-48) | CLAES, ISAMS, HALOE, SUSIM, MLS, SOLSTICE |
| 1992-03-24 | STS-45 | SSBUV1-4 (GAS canister, ATLAS-1 payload) |
| 1993-04-08 | STS-56 | SSBUV1-5 (GAS canister, ATLAS-2 payload) |
| 1993-08-09 | NOAA-13 | SBUV/2, HIRS/2 |
| 1993-09-26 | SPOT-3 | POAM-2 (solar occultation limb scanning) |
| 1994-04-03 | STS-62 | SSBUV1-6 (GAS canister) |
| 1994-11-03 | STS-66 | SSBUV1-7 (GAS canister, ATLAS-3 payload) |
| 1994-12-30 | NOAA-14 | SBUV/2, HIRS/2 |
| 1995-04-20 | ERS-2 | GOME-1 (BUV technique) |
| 1995-03-28 | TechSat-1a microsatellite [failed] | OM-2 UV radiometer (SBUV technique) |
| 1995-08-31 | FASat-Alfa microsatellite [failed to separate from Sich-1] | OLME |
| 1996-01-11 | STS-72 | SSBUV1-8 (GAS canister) |
| 1996-04-24 | MSX | UVISI |
| 1996-07-02 | TOMS-EP | TOMS-3 |
| 1996-08-17 | ADEOS-1 | TOMS-(4?), ILAS-1 |
| 1997-10-23 | STEP-4 | OOAM |
| 1997-11-13 | STS-87 | SOLSE-1 (HH payload), LORE-1 |
| 1998-03-24 | SPOT-4 | POAM-3 (solar occultation limb scanning) |
| 1998-05-13 | NOAA-15 | HIRS/3 |
| 1998-07-10 | FASat-Bravo microsatellite | OLME |
| 1999 | Meteor-3M-2 (this Meteor-3M-1 followup was canceled in 1999) | SAGE-3? |
| 1998-07-10 | TechSat-1b / OSCAR-32 microsatellite | OM-2 UV radiometer (SBUV technique) |
| 2000-09-21 | NOAA-16 | SBUV/2, HIRS/3 |
| 2001-02-20 | Odin | OSIRIS, SMR |
| 2001-09-21 | QuikTOMS [launch failed] | TOMS-5 |
| 2001-12-10 | Meteor-3M-1 | SAGE-3 |
| 2002-03-01 | Envisat | GOMOS (starlight occultation limb scanning) |
| 2002-06-24 | NOAA-17 | SBUV/2, HIRS/3 |
| 2002-12-14 | ADEOS-2 | ILAS-2 |
| 2003-01-16 | STS-107 [lost on re-entry] | SOLSE-2 (HH payload), LORE-2 (Limb-viewing spectrometers) |
| 2003-01-25 | SORCE | SOLSTICE |
| 2003-08-13 | SciSat | ACE-FTS |
| 2004-07-15 | EOS-Aura / formerly EOS-Chem | OMI, HIRDLS, TES, MLS (OMI-SBUV technique; data similar to earlier TOMS data, but higher horizontal resolution; HIRDLS and MLS-limb scanners; TES-limb and nadir scanner) |
| 2005-05-20 | NOAA-18 | SBUV/2, HIRS/4 |
| 2006-10-19 | MetOp-A | GOME-2, HIRS/4 |
| 2008-05-27 | FY-3A | TOM or TOU, and SBUS |
| 2009-02-06 | GOSAT-1 / formerly GCOM-A1 | TANSO-FTS (similar to SciSat's ACE-FTS) (ODUS-Ozone Dynamics UV Spectrometer (a SBUV instrument) was planned but not used) |
| 2009-02-06 | NOAA-19 | SBUV/2, HIRS/4 |
| 2009-09-17 | Meteor-M1 (or Meteor-M) (replacement for Meteor-3M) | MTVZA imager/sounder; IRFS-1 |
| 2010-06-15 | Picard | PREMOS |
| 2010-11-04 | FY-3B | TOM or TOU, and SBUS |
| 2011-10-28 | S-NPP / JPSS series / formerly NPOESS series | OMPS (nadir-viewing UV sensor and limb-viewing UV/visible sensor) |
| 2012-09-17 | MetOp-B | GOME-2, HIRS/4 |
| 2013-09-23 | FY-3C | TOM or TOU, and SBUS |
| 2014-07-08 | Meteor-M2 | MTVZA imager/sounder; IRFS-2 advanced IR sounder |
| 2015-02-11 | DSCOVR / formerly Triana, or "GoreSat" | EPIC |
| 2018-11-07 | MetOp-C | GOME-2, HIRS/4 |
| Future satellites with ozone equipment | ||
| 202? | CX-1 (USA) micro-satellite (University of Colorado) | (BUV?) spectrophotometer |
| 2022 — 2030 | MTG-I | IRS |
| 2023 — 2026 | MTG-S | IRS, UVN |
| Instrument Acronym | Instrument Name | Satellite(s) or Space Shuttle Mission(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Ozone-monitoring instruments (on satellites or Space Shuttle missions) | ||
| ACE-FTS | Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment - Fourier Transform Spectrometer | SciSat |
| ATLAS | ATmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (payload) | STS-45, STS-56, STS-66 (3 missions) |
| BUV | Backscatter UltraViolet spectrometer (and photometer) | OV1-1, OV1-10, Kosmos-45, Kosmos-65, Kosmos-92, Kosmos-122, Nimbus-4, Explorer-55 |
| CLAES | Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer | UARS |
| EPIC | Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera | DSCOVR |
| GAS | Get Away Special (canister) | STS-34, STS-41, STS-43, STS-45, STS-56, STS-62, STS-66, STS-72 (8 missions) |
| GOME | Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment | ERS-2, MetOp-A, MetOp-B, MetOp-C |
| GOMOS | Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars | Envisat |
| HALOE | HALogen Occultation Experiment | UARS |
| HH | Hitch Hiker (payload) | STS-87, STS-107 (2 missions) |
| HIRDLS | HIgh Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder | EOS-Aura |
| HIRS/2 | High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder / 2 | NOAA-6 — NOAA-14 (9 satellites) |
| HIRS/3 | High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder / 3 | NOAA-15 — NOAA-18 (4 satellites) |
| HIRS/4 | High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder / 4 | NOAA-19, MetOp-A, MetOp-B, MetOp-C |
| ILAS-1 | Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder - 1 | ADEOS-1 |
| ILAS-2 | Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder - 2 | ADEOS-2 |
| IRFS-1 | InfraRed (sounder) - 1 | Meteor-M1 |
| IRFS-2 | InfraRed (sounder) - 2 | Meteor-M2 |
| IRIS | InfraRed Interferometer Spectrometer | Nimbus-3, Nimbus-4 |
| IRS | InfraRed Sounder | MTG-I, MTG-S |
| ISAMS | Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder | UARS |
| LIMS | Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere | Nimbus-7 |
| LORE | Limb Ozone Retrieval Experiment | STS-87, STS-107 (2 missions) |
| LRIR | Limb Radiance Inversion Radiometer | Nimbus-4 |
| MLS | Microwave Limb Sounder | UARS, EOS-Aura |
| MTVZA | ? | Meteor-M1, Meteor-M2 |
| OLME | Ozone Layer Monitoring Experiment | FASat-Alfa, FASat-Bravo |
| OM | Ozone Meter | Techsat-1a, Techsat-1b/OSCAR-32 |
| OMI | Ozone Monitoring Instrument | EOS-Aura |
| OMPS | Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite | S-NPP / JPSS series / formerly NPOESS series |
| OOAM | Orbiting Ozone and Aerosol Measurement | STEP-4 |
| OSIRIS | Optical Spectrometer and InfraRed Imaging System | Odin |
| POAM | Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement | SPOT-3, SPOT-4 |
| PREMOS | PRecision Monitor for OScillation measurement | Picard |
| SAGE | Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment | Explorer-60, ERBS, Meteor-3M-1 |
| SBUS | Solar Backscattering Uv Sounder | FY-3A, FY-3B, FY-3C |
| SBUV | Solar Backscatter UltraViolet radiometer | Nimbus-7 |
| SBUV/2 | Solar Backscatter UltraViolet radiometer / 2 | NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-13, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, and NOAA-18, NOAA-19 (8 satellites) |
| SMR | Sub-Mm Radiometer | Odin |
| SOLSE | Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment | STS-87, STS-107 (2 missions) |
| SOLSTICE | SOLar STellar (Inter-)Comparison Experiment | UARS, SORCE |
| SSBUV1 | Shuttle Solar Backscatter UltraViolet radiometer | STS-34, STS-41, STS-43, STS-45, STS-56, STS-62, STS-66, STS-72 (8 missions) |
| SSH | Special Sensor H | DMSP-5D1-F1 — DMSP-5D1 (5 satellites) |
| SUSIM | Solar Ultravioliet Spectral Irradiance Monitor | UARS |
| TANSO - FTS | Thermal And Near ir Sensor for climate Observation - Fourier Transform interferometer Spectrometer | GOSAT-1 |
| TES | Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer | EOS-Aura |
| TOM | Total Ozone Mapper | FY-3A, FY-3B, FY-3C |
| TOMS | Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer | Nimbus-7, Meteor-3-5, TOMS-EP, ADEOS-1, QuikTOMS |
| TOU | Total Ozone Unit | FY-3A, FY-3B, FY-3C |
| UV | UltraViolet (radiometer, or telescope/spectrophotometer, or ozone experiment) | SAMOS-9, OAO-2, OAO-3, Explorer-64 |
| UVISI | Ultraviolet and Visible Imagers and Spectrographic Imagers | MSX |
| UVN | Ultraviolet Visible and Near-ir sounder | MTG-S |
1The SSBUV (Shuttle Solar Backscatter UV) experiment, which made its first flight on STS-34, was developed by NASA to check the calibration of satellite-borne ozone sounders because of calibration drift of the SBUV (Solar Backscatter UV) instrument that they carried. The SSBUV experiment took advantage of the Shuttle's orbital flight path to compare data from identical instruments aboard the satellite and the Shuttle. This could be done because of orbital coincidences in which the Shuttle and the satellite passed over the same Earth location within a 1-hour window. The SSBUV instrument and its dedicated electronics, power, data and command systems were mounted in the Shuttle's payload bay in two Get Away Special canisters (an instrument canister and a support canister) which together weighed 544 kg.
Reference: Krueger, A.J., B. Guenther, A.J. Fleig, D.F. Heath, E. Hilsenrath, R. McPeters, C. Prabhakara, 1980: Satellite ozone measurements, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 296(1418), 191-204. [See http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/296/1418/191.full.pdf+html or http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/36443.pdf?acceptTC=true]
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