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(Selected)
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|---|---|---|
| OV1-14 | OV3 |
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(Selected)
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| OV1-14 | OV3 |
This page contains (selected) philatelic information on Orbiting Vehicle (OV) series satellites. Catalog numbers, years of issue, and notes on the satellites featured are given when available. If readers know of additional information or images, please contact the authors using the e-mail addresses at the bottom of this page.
| Launch information (found elsewhere) |
Launch covers (including anniversary-of-launch covers, and launch-related event covers) (farther below) |
Other postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.) (immediately below) |
|---|---|---|
| Orbiting Vehicle (OV) (USAF) | Orbiting Vehicle (OV) (USAF) | Orbiting Vehicle (OV) (USAF) |
| OV (on other than OV launch covers) |
Below is a list of Orbiting Vehicle (OV) series satellite postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.).
| Country | Catalog Number | Type of Item | Year of Issue | Notes on Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orbiting Vehicle (OV) (USAF) | ||||
| United States | 1395 cover (Mi1832 cover) | (Black printed) cachet on cover; also annotated with satellites numbered | 1973 | [#5] OV3 |
Below is a list of (Selected) Orbiting Vehicle (OV) series satellite launch covers (including anniversary-of-launch covers, and launch-related event covers).
| Country | Cancel Date | Cancel Location | Type of Item | Notes on Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Selected) Orbiting Vehicle (OV) (USAF) | ||||
| Items in this table are arranged chronologically, rather than by satellite number | ||||
| 1965-01-21: OV1-1 [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1965-01-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-1 launch |
| 1965-10-05: OV1-2 | ||||
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV1-2 launch |
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Rank velvet/silkscreened) cachet on cover | OV1-2 launch |
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Red and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-2 launch |
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV1-2 launch |
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-2 launch |
| United States | 1965-10-05 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (HJM black and Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-2 launch |
| 1965-10-15: OV2-1 (and LCS-2) [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Astro Covers) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (C. Swanson blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (C. Swanson blue rubber-stamp and red hand-printed) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (C. Swanson blue rubber-stamp and black typed) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Exquisite) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Rank velvet/silkscreened) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (HJM black and Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Jarrett? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1965-10-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Black typed) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV2-1 launch [failed] |
| 1965-12-21: OV2-3 (and OSCAR-4 and LES-3/4) | ||||
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers, no logo) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Exquisite, no logo) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert and back | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (NASA black-and-white sticker) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (DuBeau? blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| United States | 1965-12-21 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-3 launch |
| 1966-03-29: OV1-4/5 | ||||
| United States | 1966-03-29 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (blank/no) cachet on cover | OV1-4/5 launch |
| United States | 1966-03-30 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV1-4/5 launch |
| United States | 1966-03-30 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Black printed) cachet on cover | OV1-4/5 launch |
| United States | 1966-03-30 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-4/5 launch |
| 1966-04-22: OV3-1 | ||||
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV3-1 launch |
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert | OV3-1 launch |
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV3-1 launch |
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV3-1 launch |
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV3-1 launch |
| United States | 1966-04-22 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV3-1 launch |
| 1966-06-10: OV3-4 | ||||
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Orbit Covers, no logo) cachet on cover | OV3-4 launch |
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Blue printed) cachet on cover | OV3-4 launch |
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson green/Holden magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV3-4 launch |
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue/Holden magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV3-4 launch |
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson cyan/Holden magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV3-4 launch |
| United States | 1966-06-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV3-4 launch |
| 1966-07-14: OV1-7/8 | ||||
| United States | 1966-07-13 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV1-7/8 launch |
| United States | 1966-07-13 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-7/8 launch |
| 1966-08-04: OV3-3 | ||||
| United States | 1966-08-04 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV3-3 launch |
| United States | 1966-08-04 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? blue satellite-launch and blue rubber-stamp) cachet cachet on cover | OV3-3 launch |
| 1966-10-28: OV3-2 | ||||
| United States | 1966-10-28 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV3-2 launch |
| 1966-11-03: OV4-33, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 (and Gemini-B) | ||||
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch ("secret military") |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch ("secret military") |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sokalsky red) cachet on cover | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| United States | 1966-11-03 | USS La Salle | (Blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet (and signatures) on (airmail) cover (with possible forged cancel and signatures (by Charles Riser)) | OV4-3, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 launch |
| OV4-33, OV4-1R, OV4-1T, and OV1-6 (and Gemini-B events) | ||||
| United States | 1966-11-15 | USS La Salle | (Orbit Covers and black printed) cachet on cover | "U.S.S. La Salle returns GT-2 capsule to C. Kennedy, Nov. 15, 1966" ("secret military") |
| 1966-12-11: OV1-9/10 | ||||
| United States | 1966-12-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV1-9/10 launch |
| United States | 1966-12-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-9/10 launch |
| 1967-01-31: OV3-5 | ||||
| United States | 1967-01-31 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV3-5 launch |
| United States | 1967-01-31 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV3-5 launch |
| United States | 1967-01-31 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy?/DuBeau? purple rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV3-5 launch |
| 1967-04-28: OV5-1/3 (and US-ERS-18 and Vela-7/8) | ||||
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Astro Covers green, no logo) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Astro Covers brown, no logo) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Swanson purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Swanson purple rubber-stamp and black typed) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different text) and insert2 and insert2 back | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different text) and insert2 and insert2 back | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch ("spies in the sky") |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (Centennial-like) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Hand-printed) cachet on cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| United States | 1967-04-28 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Black typed) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV5-1/3 launch |
| 1967-07-27: OV1-11/12 | ||||
| United States | 1967-07-27 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | OV1-11/12 launch |
| 1967-12-05: OV3-6 | ||||
| United States | 1967-12-04 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV3-6 launch |
| 1968-04-06: OV1-13/14 | ||||
| United States | 1968-04-06 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-13/14 launch |
| United States | 1968-04-06 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | OV1-13/14 launch |
| United States | 1968-04-06 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-13/14 launch |
| 1968-07-11: OV1-15/16 (and Cannonball-1) | ||||
| United States | 1968-07-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/Vandy? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-15/16 launch |
| United States | 1968-07-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-15/16 launch |
| 1968-08-16: OV5-8 (and LCS-3 and SECOR-11/12 and Orbiscal-1 and Mylar Balloon and Rigidsphere and Gridsphere-1/2 and LIDOS and 2 others) [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1968-08-16 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Centennial black rocket, type-1) cachet on cover | OV5-8 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1968-08-16 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/Vandy? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV5-8 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1968-08-16 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV5-8 launch [failed] (but LIDOS depicted) |
| 1968-09-26: OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 (and LES-6) | ||||
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Patrick AFB, FL (hand cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different line lengths), also insert2 and insert2 back | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Patrick AFB, FL (machine cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different line lengths), also insert2 and insert2 back | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different line lengths), also insert2 and insert2 back | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert1 or insert1 variation (slightly different line lengths), also insert2 and insert2 back | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Astro Covers, no logo) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 (machine cancel) | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 (hand cancel) | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch (not "Atlantic-3" / Intelsat-3-1 [failed], as in cachet) |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Swanson magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (HJM black and red typed) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Whitney red and black) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Whitney red and black) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (blank/no) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| United States | 1968-09-26 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Black printed and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV2-5 and OV5-2/4 launch |
| 1969-03-17: OV1-17/17A/18/19 | ||||
| United States | 1969-03-17 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-17/17A/18/19 launch ("secret satellite") |
| 1969-05-23: OV5-5/6/9 (and Vela-9/10) | ||||
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch ("sky spies") |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Centennial) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial-like) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial-like) cachet (slightly different) on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial-like) cachet (different) on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial-like) cachet (slightly different) on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (C. Swanson purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (C. Swanson purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (Red-brown printed, based on a Sokalsky design) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 (hand cancel) | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 (machine cancel) | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Whitney green and purple) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| United States | 1969-05-23 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Whitney green and purple) cachet on cover | OV5-5/6/9 launch |
| 1971-08-06: OV1-20P/21P (and LCS-4 and Cannonball-2 and RDTS and Mylar Balloon and Rigidsphere and Gridsphere-1/2) | ||||
| United States | 1971-08-06 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover | OV1-20P/21P launch |
| United States | 1971-08-06 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (Swanson/Vandy? black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-20P/21P launch |
| United States | 1971-08-06 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/Vandy? black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | OV1-20P/21P launch |
| OV (on other than OV launch covers) | ||||
| United States | 1966-02-03 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Sarzin) cachet on ESSA-1 launch cover | OV3 |
| United States | 1968-09-19 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on Intelsat-3-1 launch [failed] cover | "four military research spacecraft" (including OV2-5 and OV5-2/4) |
| United States | 1968-09-19 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on Intelsat-3-1 launch [failed] cover | |
3The OV4-3 (Orbiting Vehicle 4-3) payload consisted mainly of a Titan-1 oxidizer tank representing the shape and aerodynamics of the planned Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL). The MOL project was developed from early USAF concepts of manned space stations as reconnaissance satellites and was a successor of the canceled Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar military reconnaissance space plane. The 3 Nov 1966 launch was the first (and only) test flight of the MOL. In it, the heatshield of a refurbished Gemini-2 capsule known as Gemini-B was tested (it had a circular access door cut into it). The Gemini-B was mounted on an adapter at the upper end of OV4-3 and released into a suborbital trajectory. Three small satellites (OV4-1R, OV4-1T and OV1-6) also mounted on the adaptor were subsequently released into orbit. The insert of the Space Voyage covers for this mission illustrates these details. The MOL was planned to support up to 40 days of military reconnaissance using the large optics KH-10/Dorian imaging system and SIGINT payloads. For later missions, a side-looking radar payload was planned. The crew were to be launched and later return to Earth in the attached Gemini-B capsule. They would move between the MOL and the Gemini-B through the circular access door in its heatshield. When the MOL project (also known as KH-10) was canceled in 1969, the un-manned electro-optical KH-11/Kennen series succeded it.
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