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Injun, SolRad,
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| Injun-3 | ISEE-3 |
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Injun, SolRad,
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| Injun-3 | ISEE-3 |
This page contains philatelic information on the Injun, SolRad (Solar Radiation), GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite (GEOS-1 and 2) or Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite (GEOS-3)), and ISEE (International Sun-Earth Explorer) / ICE (International Cometary Explorer) series. Catalog numbers, years of issue, and notes on the satellites featured are given when available. If readers know of additional information or images, please contact the authors using the e-mail addresses at the bottom of this page.
These series are related to the Explorer series because some of the satellites had Explorer names and numbers as well. In particular, the following satellite names and numbers were synonymous:
| Injun | SolRad | GEOS | ISEE |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Injun-4 = Explorer-25 Injun-5 = Explorer-40 Injun-6 = Explorer-52 |
SolRad-8 = Explorer-30 SolRad-9 = Explorer-37 SolRad-10 = Explorer-44 |
GEOS-1 = Explorer-29 GEOS-2 = Explorer-36 |
ISEE-1 = Explorer-56 ISEE-3/ICE2 = Explorer-59 |
The SolRad (Solar Radiation) name is synonymous with GREB (Galactic Radiation Energy Background), and with GRAB (Galactic Radiation And Background), but the SolRad designation will be used here. The SolRad satellites' primary mission was to locate Russian radar sites. Their secondary mission, to conduct solar radiation studies, did provide some scientific data, but the fundamental reason for including the secondary mission was to hide the true nature of these satellites.
This list includes the USA GEOS series from 1965-1975 only, and should not be confused with the ESA-GEOS series from 1977-1978.
| Launch information (found elsewhere) |
Reference images (found elsewhere) |
Launch covers (including anniversary-of-launch covers, and launch-related event covers) (farther below) |
Other postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.) (immediately below) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injun | Injun | Injun | Injun |
| SolRad | SolRad | SolRad | SolRad |
| GEOS (USA)1 | GEOS (USA)1 | GEOS (USA)1 | GEOS (USA)1 |
| ISEE / ICE2 | ISEE / ICE2 | ISEE / ICE2 | ISEE / ICE2 |
| ISEE / ICE (on other than ISEE / ICE launch covers) |
Below is a list of Injun, SolRad, GEOS, and ISEE / ICE postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.).
| Country | Catalog Number | Type of Item | Year of Issue | Notes on Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injun | ||||
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | C53 (Mi121) | 1977 | Injun-6 / Explorer-52 (at left) | |
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | C53 fdc | Stamp on FDC (Éditions P.J. cachet) | ||
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | C52-C53 fdc | One of two stamps on FDC (TAAF Official cachet) | ||
| Korea (North) | 1510 (Mi1527Ax) i1510 (Mi1527Bx) | Coated paper Coated paper, imperforate | 1976 | Injun-16 |
| Korea (North) | 1510 un-coated (Mi1528Ay i1510_un-coated (Mi1528By) | One of MS7 (1511a (1506-1511+1512a + label)) on un-coated paper (Mi1523Ay-1529Ay) One of imperforate MS7 (i1511a (i1506-i1511+i1512a + label)) on un-coated paper (Mi1523By-1529By) | ||
| Korea (North) | 1650 (Mi_A1527Ay) i1650 (Mi_A1527By) | One of MS7 (1651a (1646-1651+1652a + label)), 1511a on un-coated paper overprinted in purple One of imperforate MS7 (i1651a (i1646-i1651+i1652a + label)), i1511a on un-coated paper overprinted in purple | 1977 | Injun-16 |
| Mali | C35 fdc (Mi119 fdc) | (Éditions J.F.) cachet on FDC | 1966 | Injun-16 |
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A Mi485B | Stamp-on-stamp: Rwanda 130 Imperforate stamp-on-stamp: Rwanda 130 | 1970 | Injun-16 |
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A ds Mi485B ds | Deluxe sheet (Mi458A) Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi458B) | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A+Mi485A_ds fdc | (Two) stamps and deluxe sheet on FDC | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A silver Mi485B silver | Silver | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A gold Mi485B gold | Gold | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485B ds silver | Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi485B), silver foil | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485B ds gold | Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi485B), gold foil | ||
| Rwanda | 130 (Mi129A) i130 (Mi129B) | Imperforate | 1965 | Injun-16 |
| Rwanda | 131 (Mi130A) i131 (Mi130B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 132 (Mi131A) i132 (Mi131B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 133 (Mi132A) i133 (Mi132B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 134 (Mi133A) i134 (Mi133B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 135 (Mi134A) i135 (Mi134B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 136 (BL5A) i136 (BL5B) | On both stamps of MS2 (136 (a-b)) On both stamps of imperforate MS2 (i136 (a-b)) | ||
| SolRad / GRAB / GREB | ||||
| Belgium | None | In (upper-right) margin of imperforate MS2 cinderella | 1963? | SolRad-15 |
| Belgium | 842 maxi (Mi1725 maxi) | Maxicard | 1973 | SolRad-1/7 type4 |
| Germany (West) | None | Cinderella (poster stamp), from MS30 cinderella | ~1966 | SolRad-15 |
| Hungary | C254 (Mi2195A) iC254 (Mi2195B) | Imperforate | 1965 | SolRad-1/7 type4 (not "San Marco", as in text) |
| Hungary | C253-C254+C257-C258 fdc | One of four stamps on FDC (Hungary Post cachet) | ||
| Korea (North) | 1510 (Mi1527Ax) i1510 (Mi1527Bx) | Coated paper Coated paper, imperforate | 1976 | SolRad-36 |
| Korea (North) | 1510 un-coated (Mi1528Ay i1510_un-coated (Mi1528By) | One of MS7 (1511a (1506-1511+1512a + label)) on un-coated paper (Mi1523Ay-1529Ay) One of imperforate MS7 (i1511a (i1506-i1511+i1512a + label)) on un-coated paper (Mi1523By-1529By) | ||
| Korea (North) | 1650 (Mi_A1527Ay) i1650 (Mi_A1527By) | One of MS7 (1651a (1646-1651+1652a + label)), 1511a on un-coated paper overprinted One of imperforate MS7 (i1651a (i1646-i1651+i1652a + label)), i1511a on un-coated paper overprinted | 1977 | SolRad-36 |
| Mali | C35 fdc (Mi119 fdc) | (Éditions J.F.) cachet on FDC | 1966 | SolRad-36 |
| Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (South Arabia) | Mi115A-121A+selvedge Mi120B+selvedge | On selvedge of each of set of 7 (Mi115A-121A) On selvedge of each of imperforate set of 7 (Mi115B-121B) | 1967 | SolRad-1/7 type4 |
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A Mi485B | Stamp-on-stamp: Rwanda 130 Imperforate stamp-on-stamp: Rwanda 130 | 1970 | SolRad-36 |
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A ds Mi485B ds | Deluxe sheet (Mi458A) Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi458B) | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A+Mi485A_ds fdc | (Two) stamps and deluxe sheet on FDC | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A silver Mi485B silver | Silver | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485A gold Mi485B gold | Gold | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485B ds silver | Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi485B), silver foil | ||
| Ras al Khaima | Mi485B ds gold | Imperforate deluxe sheet (Mi485B), gold foil | ||
| Rwanda | 130 (Mi129A) i130 (Mi129B) | Imperforate | 1965 | SolRad-36 |
| Rwanda | 131 (Mi130A) i131 (Mi130B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 132 (Mi131A) i132 (Mi131B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 133 (Mi132A) i133 (Mi132B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 134 (Mi133A) i134 (Mi133B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 135 (Mi134A) i135 (Mi134B) | Imperforate | ||
| Rwanda | 136 (BL5A) i136 (BL5B) | On both stamps and in (upper-left) margin of MS2 (136 (a-b)) On both stamps and in (upper-left) margin of imperforate MS2 (i136 (a-b)) | SolRad-36 (on both stamps), SolRad-15 (in upper-left margin) | |
| Satellite Beach FL (USA) | Local | ? | SolRad-8 / "Explorer-30" | |
| Uruguay | 1124 (Mi1649) | 1982 | SolRad-1/7 type4 | |
| Uruguay | 1124 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Vanuatu | 1122b (Mi1594) | One of MS6 (1122 (a-f)) (BL80, Mi1593-1598) | 2021 | SolRad-1 |
| GEOS (USA)1 | ||||
| Chad | 708d (Mi1508A) i708d (Mi1508B) | One stamp and in selvedge of MS6 (708 (a-f)) (Mi1505A-1510A) One stamp and in selvedge of imperforate MS6 (i708 (a-f)) (Mi1505B-1510B) | 1997 | "SMS-GEOS" (with E-before-O, mis-spelled in selvedge text, and SMS/GOES-1/2/3 type depicted) |
| Franklin Mint (USA) | None | (Bronze) medallion, also reverse | 1970s | "GEOS-3" |
| Korea (South) | 1289 fdc1 (Mi1275 fdc1) | (Purple pictorial) cancel on FDC | 1982 | GEOS-1 / Explorer-29 |
| Korea (South) | 1289 fdc2 (Mi1275 fdc2) | (Blue-black pictorial) cancel on FDC (different) | ||
| Spain | None | (Orange and blue and black printed) cachet on cover | 1984 | Esplorer-29/36 "GEOS" (in text only); (or possibly ESA-"GEOS") |
| ISEE / ICE2 | ||||
| Ascension Island | 388 (Mi397) | 1986 | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 | |
| Benin | Unknown c (Mi none) Unknown ic | One of MS4 (a-d) [known illegal issue] One of imperforate MS4 (a-d) | 2014 | "ISEE"-1 / Explorer-56 (also launch date in text) |
| Benin | Unknown a-d fdc | One of four stamps on FDC | ||
| Benin | Unknown c proof Unknown ic proof | One of MS4 proof (a-d) One of imperforate MS4 proof (a-d) | ||
| Benin | Unknown ms proof | Signed-proof MS4 (a-d) | ||
| Benin | Unknown ms proof fdc Unknown ims proof fdc | MS4 proof on FDC Imperforate MS4 proof and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC | ||
| Bolivia | 690 (BL146) | In (lower-right) margin of imperforate SS1 | 1985 | "ISEE"-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Central African Republic | 843 (Mi1258A) i843 (Mi1258B) | Imperforate | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Chad | 708f (Mi1510A) i708f (Mi1510B) | One stamp and in selvedge of MS6 (708 (a-f)) (Mi1505A-1510A) One stamp and in selvedge of imperforate MS6 (i708 (a-f)) (Mi1505B-1510B) | 1997 | "ISEE"-1 / Explorer-56 / ISEE-1 and ISEE-23 |
| Comoro Islands | B4f (Mi859A) iB4f (Mi859B) | One of MS8 (B4 (a-h)) (Mi854A-861A) One of imperforate MS8 (iB4 (a-h)) (Mi854B-861B) | 1988 | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 in text, but Giotto depicted) |
| Comoro Islands | B4f_ds (BL268A) iB4f_ds (BL268B) | Deluxe sheet (B4f) Imperforate deluxe sheet (iB4f) | ||
| Comoro Islands | 816Qw (Mi1130) | One of pair (816Q (v-w)) (Mi1126+1130), B4f overprinted with a silver bar to remove the surtax | 1996 | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 in text, but Giotto depicted) |
| Congo Republic | Unknown ss (BL none) Unknown iss | In (right) margin of SS1 [known illegal issue] In (right) margin of imperforate SS1 | 2014 | "ISEE-3" / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Congo Republic | Unknown ss fdc Unknown iss fdc | SS1 and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC Imperforate SS1 and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC | ||
| Congo Republic | Unknown ss (BL none) | In (upper-right) margin of SS1 [known illegal issue] | 2016 | "ISEE-3" / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Djibouti | 610a (BL120A) i610a (BL120B) | In (right) margin of SS1 (610), also annotated In (right) margin of imperforate SS1 (i610) | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Djibouti | Unknown f (Mi none) Unknown if | One of MS9 (a-i) [known illegal issue] One of imperforate MS9 (a-i) | 2010 | "ISEE"-2 (with folded antennas) |
| Djibouti | Unknown ms proof | Signed-proof MS9 | ||
| Djibouti | Unknown ms fdc Unknown ims fdc | MS9 on FDC Imperforate MS9 on FDC | ||
| Djibouti | Unknown ms (Mi none) Unknown ims | In (lower-right) margin of MS2 (a-b) [known illegal issue] In (lower-right) margin of imperforate MS2 (a-b) | 2013 | ISEE-3 |
| Djibouti | Unknown ms fdc Unknown ims fdc | MS2 on FDC Imperforate MS2 on FDC | ||
| Equatorial Guinea | BL277 o/p1 | Imperforate SS1 (BL277) 1st overprint | 1977 | ISEE-2 (with folded antennas) (in the black overprint in the SS1); ISEE-2 (upper part of black sticker) and ISEE-1 (lower part of black sticker) (in the FDC cachet) |
| Equatorial Guinea | BL277 o/p1 muestra | Imperforate SS1 (BL277) 1st overprint, overprinted "muestra" | ||
| Equatorial Guinea | BL277 o/p1 fdc | Imperforate SS1 (BL277) 1st overprint, and (multi-color printed) cachet on (airmail) FDC8 | ||
| Gambia | 609 (Mi615) | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 | |
| Gambia | 655 (Mi661) | 609 overprinted in silver | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Germany (West) | None | (Pictorial) cancel on cover (GH cachet) | 1970 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Germany (West) | None | (Pictorial) cancel on cover (Herman Oberth Gesellschaft cachet) | 1970 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Germany (West) | None | (Pictorial) cancel and (Herman Oberth Gesellschaft) cachet on cover | 1970 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Guinea Republic | B43a (BL332A, Mi1254A) | In (upper-left and left) margins of SS1 (B43) | 1989 | "ICE (ISEE-3)"; also schematic "trajet de la sonde ICE (ISEE-3)" |
| Hungary | 2972 (Mi3805A) i2972 (Mi3805B) | Imperforate | 1986 | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 |
| Hungary | 2972 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Malagasy (DR) | 797 (Mi1063A) i797 (Mi1063B) | Imperforate | 1987 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Malagasy (DR) | 797a (BL48A) i797a (BL48B) | On stamp of SS1 (797) On stamp of imperforate SS1 (i797) | ||
| Madagascar | 1536c (Mi2475) i1536c | One of MS6 (1536 (a-f)) (Mi2473-2478) One of imperforate MS6 (i1536 (a-f)) | 2000 | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 |
| Madagascar | 1536 fdc | MS6 and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC | ||
| Mali | Unknown b (Mi none) Unknown ib | One of MS2 (a-b) One of imperforate MS2 (a-b) | 2006 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Mali | Unknown ms fdc Unknown ims fdc | MS2 and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC Imperforate MS2 and (multi-color printed) cachet on FDC | ||
| Mauritania | 619 (Mi889A) i619 (Mi889B) | Imperforate | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Mauritania | 619a (BL none) i619a | On stamp of SS1 (619) On stamp of imperforate SS1 (i619) | ||
| Mauritania | 622b (Mi889-892) i622b | One of MS4 (619-622) One of imperforate MS4 (i619-i622) | ||
| Micronesia | 344p (Mi736) | From MS20 (344 (a-t)) (Mi721-740) | 1999 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 (not "SMM" repair, as in text)7 |
| Micronesia | 344q (Mi737) | ISEE-3 / "ICE" / Explorer-59 (but SMM repair depicted)7 | ||
| Paraguay | C642 label (Mi3974 label) | One label and in (lower-right) margin of MS9 (C642a (5x C642 + 4 labels)) | 1986 | (poorly-depicted) ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Poland | 2715 (Mi3015) | One of pair (2715a (2714-2715)) | 1986 | ISEE-3 / ICE / Explorer-59 |
| Spain | None | (Orange and blue and black printed) cachet on cover | 1984 | "ISEE" (in text only) |
| Spain | None | (Multi-color printed) cachet (reproduction of Djibouti MS9) on (un-canceled) (Spanish Post) stamped envelope (from 2011) | 2013 | "ISEE"-2 (on stamp 'f' in cachet) |
| United States | None | Insert back from cover, also insert front and cover front | 1986 | "International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE)-3" renamed "International Cometary Explorer (ICE)" |
1This checklist includes the USA GEOS series only, not the ESA-GEOS series.
2Explorer-59 / ISEE-3 was renamed ICE (International Cometary Explorer) in 1983.
3Two satellites stacked together (ISEE-1 / Explorer-56, and ISEE-2).
4SolRad-1 — SolRad-7 are all basically identical.
5Two satellites stacked together (Transit-2A and SolRad-1).
6Three satellites stacked together (Transit-4A, SolRad-3, and Injun-1) in that order. Note also that for the items with J.F. Kennedy on the telephone, it seems that Telstar was the intended satellite.
7The captions on Micronesia 344p and 344q are transposed: SMM repair, and Explorer-59 / ISEE-3 / ICE.
8The cancel date of Equatorial Guinea BL277 o/p1 fdc, 22 Oct 1977, is also the launch date of ISEE-1 and ISEE-2, so this FDC also qualifies as a launch cover.
Below is a list of Injun, SolRad, GEOS, and ISEE / ICE launch covers (including anniversary-of-launch covers, and launch-related event covers).
| Country | Cancel Date | Cancel Location | Type of Item | Notes on Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injun | ||||
| 1961-06-29: Injun-1 (and Transit-4A and SolRad-3) | ||||
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft blue and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft blue and black and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet (different) on cover | Injun-1 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet (different) on cover | Injun-1 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch (Injun-1 and SolRad-3 names reversed) |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-1 launch |
| 1962-01-24: Injun-2 (and SolRad-4A and SurCal-1 and LOFTI-2A and SECOR-(1)) [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1962-01-24 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on [failed] cover, also insert | Injun-2 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1962-01-24 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Black typed/hand-printed/small picture/magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-2 launch [failed] |
| 1962-12-13: Injun-3 (and Poppy-1A/1B and SurCal-2 and CalSphere-1 and WildBill-2) [partial failure] | ||||
| United States | 1962-12-13 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft Type-B general-purpose and red and green rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-2 launch [partial failure] ("secret") |
| 1964-11-21: Injun-4 / Explorer-25 (and Explorer-24) | ||||
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert or insert variation (different arrows) or insert variation2 (different arrows and slightly different line lengths) | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (different arrows) or insert variation2 (different arrows and slightly different line lengths) | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover, also (hand-written) insert | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch (Vela depicted) |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Goldcraft Cachets) cachet on cover | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson red rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (DuBeau? red and blue printed) cachet on cover | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| United States | 1964-11-21 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? magenta and blue printed) cachet on cover | Injun-4 (Explorer-25) launch |
| 1964-11-21: Injun-5 / Explorer-40 (and Explorer-39) | ||||
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch (other Injun depicted) |
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (SpaceCraft/Swanson sticker) cachet on cover, also insert | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch (other Injun depicted) |
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch |
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch |
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch |
| United States | 1968-08-08 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | Injun-5 (Explorer-40) launch |
| 1974-06-03: Injun-6 / Explorer-52 | ||||
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Fairbanks AK | (NASA rubber-stamp) cachet (and signature) on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| United States | 1974-06-03 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (InterSpace Cover) cachet on cover | Injun-6 (Explorer-52 / Hawkeye) launch |
| SolRad / GRAB / GREB | ||||
| 1960-06-22: SolRad-1 (and Transit-2A) | ||||
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Swanson red rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Jim Fitzpatrick purple rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft?) cachet on cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Hand-written) cachet on cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Port Canaveral FL | (ATA Space Satellite Unit printed and hand-written) cachet on cover | SolRad-1 launch |
| United States | 1960-06-22 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet on cover | SolRad-1 launch (but unknown/fantasy spacecraft depicted) |
| 1960-11-30: SolRad-2 (and Transit-3A) [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1960-11-30 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Jim Fitzpatrick black rubber-stamp and hand-written) cachet on cover | SolRad-2 launch [failed] |
| United States | 1960-11-30 | Port Canaveral FL | (Black typed) cachet on cover | SolRad-2 launch [failed]; ("sattelite" mis-spelled) |
| United States | 1960-11-30 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Red and blue printed (similar to these rocket cinderellas) and purple rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | SolRad-2 launch [failed] |
| 1961-06-29: SolRad-3 (and Transit-4A and Injun-1) | ||||
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft blue and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft blue and black and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch (but Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet (different) on cover | SolRad-3 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-28 | Port Canaveral FL | (Goldcraft) cachet (different) on cover | SolRad-3 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch (Injun-1 and SolRad-3 names reversed) |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch |
| United States | 1961-06-29 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp and black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-3 launch |
| 1962-01-24: SolRad-4A (and Injun-2 and SurCal-1 and LOFTI-2 and SECOR-(1)) [failed] | ||||
| United States | 1962-01-24 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | SolRad-4A launch [failed] |
| United States | 1962-01-24 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Black typed/hand-printed/small picture/magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-4A launch [failed] |
| 1962-04-26: SolRad-4B [failed] [SAMOS-7 launched separately on same day also at Vandenberg AFB, CA] |
||||
| United States | 1962-04-26 | Lompoc CA | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | SolRad-4B and SAMOS-7 launch ("twin satellite launching") |
| United States | 1962-04-26 | Lompoc CA | (Goldcraft Cachets) cachet on cover | SolRad-4B launch (but Mercury boilerplace capsule depicted) |
| United States | 1962-04-26 | Lompoc CA | (Holden black and magenta and dark blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-4B launch |
| United States | 1962-04-26 | Lompoc CA | (Holden black and magenta and blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-4B launch |
| United States | 1962-04-26 | Lompoc CA | (Holden black and magenta and blue rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | SolRad-4B launch |
| 1963-06-15: SolRad-6 (carried by Poppy-2A) (and LOFTI-2A and SurCal-3 and WildBill-4) [partial failure] | ||||
| United States | 1963-06-15 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Rank velvet) cachet on cover | SolRad-6 (carried by Poppy-2A) launch [partial failure] |
| 1964-01-11: SolRad-7A (carried by Poppy-3A) (and SECOR-1 and Hayloft) | ||||
| United States | 1964-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? cyan and red rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-7A (carried by Poppy-3A) launch |
| 1965-03-09: SolRad-7B (carried by Poppy-4A) (and OSCAR-3 and SECOR-3 and Dodecapole-1 and Poppy-6 and SurCal-4) | ||||
| No launch cover images available yet | ||||
| 1965-11-19: SolRad-8 / Explorer-30 | ||||
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (text length variation) and back | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch (fantasy depiction); also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Rank velvet) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Rank velvet, trial with overlay) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet (different) on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (HJM black and Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Centennial black rocket, type-1) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch (Pioneer-3/4 type, Pioneer-5/Explorer-63, and Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| United States | 1965-11-19 | Wallops Island VA | (Red printed) cachet on cover | SolRad-8 (Explorer-30) launch; also IQSY |
| 1968-03-05: SolRad-9 / Explorer-37 | ||||
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch (but Explorer-7 depicted) |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA (hand cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA (machine cancel) | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet (different) on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet (different) on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| United States | 1968-03-05 | Wallops Island VA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | SolRad-9 (Explorer-37) launch |
| 1971-07-09: SolRad-10 / Explorer-44 | ||||
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson green and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson blue and magenta rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA (hand cancel) | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA (machine cancel) | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA (machine cancel) | (InterSpace Cover) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA | (Swanson black rubber-stamp and printed - Sarzin hybrid) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| United States | 1971-07-09 | Wallops Island VA | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | SolRad-10 (Explorer-44) launch |
| 1976-03-14: SolRad-11A/11B (and LES-8/9) | ||||
| United States | 1976-03-14 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-14 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-14 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Blue-green rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-14 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Boudwin black and purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Whitney blue and red) cachet (and signatures) on cover, also back | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-14 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (SCPS ser.76/5 no.236) cachet on cover, also back | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (SCPS ser.76/5 no.79) cachet (and signature) on cover, also back | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| United States | 1976-03-15 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (NRL) folder, also inside1 and inside2 and inside3 and inside4 and inside5 | SolRad-11A/11B launch |
| GEOS (USA)1 | ||||
| 1965-11-06: GEOS-1 / Explorer-29 | ||||
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Patrick AFB, FL | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Cape Canaveral FL (machine cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch (fantasy depiction) |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Cape Canaveral FL (hand cancel) | (Centennial) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch (fantasy depiction) |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Sarzin) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch (Explorer-17 depicted) |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Patrick AFB, FL | (Rank velvet) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Celestial) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch |
| United States | 1965-11-06 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Artopages) cachet on cover | GEOS-1 (Explorer-29) launch |
| 1966-06-23: PAGEOS | ||||
| United States | 1965-06-23 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert | PAGEOS launch |
| United States | 1965-06-23 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Astro Covers, no logo) cachet on cover | PAGEOS launch |
| United States | 1965-06-23 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | PAGEOS launch |
| United States | 1965-06-23 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? black rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | PAGEOS launch |
| United States | 1965-06-23 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Sarzin?) cachet on cover | PAGEOS launch |
| 1968-01-11: GEOS-2 / Explorer-36 | ||||
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch |
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Swanson/DuBeau? blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch |
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert or insert variation (slightly different line lengths) | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch |
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet on cover, also insert and insert back | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch; also "GEOS-1" (in text on insert back) |
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (SpaceCraft/Swanson) cachet (and signature) on cover, also insert and insert back | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch; also "GEOS-1" (in text on insert back) |
| United States | 1968-01-11 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Centennial brown rocket, type-2 and black text) cachet on cover | GEOS-2 (Explorer-36) launch (Transit-2A, Pioneer-5/Explorer-63, TIROS/ESSA, and Vanguard-2 depicted) |
| 1975-04-09: GEOS-3 | ||||
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Centennial) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Vandenberg AFB, CA | (Vandy? green rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (Vandy? green rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Lompoc CA, Vandenberg AFB | (Vandy? green rubber-stamp) cachet (and signature) on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-09 | Lompoc CA | (KSC/WLOD black rubber-stamp and black typed) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| Spain | 1975-04-10 | Madrid | (Black printed) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| Madagascar | 1975-04-10 | Tananarive | (Black rubber-stamp) cachet (and signature) on cover | GEOS-3 launch (but mis-spelled "GFOS") |
| United States | 1975-04-10 | Wallops Island VA | (Purple rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-10 | Greenbelt MD | (GSFC STDN blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| United States | 1975-04-10 | Greenbelt MD | (GSFC STDN blue rubber-stamp) cachet on (airmail) cover | GEOS-3 launch |
| ISEE / ICE2 | ||||
| 1977-10-22: ISEE-1 / Explorer-56 and ISEE-2 | ||||
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch (Explorer-51/54/55 type depicted) |
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Cape Canaveral FL | (ESA) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Whitney green and black) cachet on (airmail) cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Greenbelt MD | (GSFC Stamp Club) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-22 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Centennial) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-25 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| United States | 1977-10-25 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (SCPS) cachet on cover | ISEE-1 (Explorer-56) + ISEE-2 launch |
| 1978-08-14: ISEE-3 / ICE2 (Explorer-59) | ||||
| Spain | 1978-08-12 | Madrid | (Orange printed) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch |
| United States | 1978-08-12 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Orbit Covers) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch (Explorer-51/54/55 type depicted) |
| United States | 1978-08-12 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Whitney orange and blue) cachet on (airmail) cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch |
| United States | 1978-08-12 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Centennial) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch |
| United States | 1978-08-12 | Cape Canaveral FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch; ISEE-1 / Explorer-56, ISEE-2 (in cachet) |
| United States | 1978-08-14 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch; ISEE-1 / Explorer-56, ISEE-2 (in cachet) |
| United States | 1978-08-14 | Kennedy Space Center FL | (SCPS) cachet on cover | ISEE-3 / ICE (Explorer-59) launch |
| ISEE-3 / ICE2 (events) | ||||
| United States | 1983-02-08 | Greenbelt MD | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "Maneuver correction of orbit for March 30 lunar swingby" |
| Australia | 1983-12-22 | Canberra ACT | (Zaso silk and red-brown printed) cachet on cover | "ICE Moonloop" |
| United States | 1985-09-11 | Greenbelt MD | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "encounter with Giacobini-Zinner Comet" |
| United States | 1985-09-11 | Greenbelt MD | (Zaso silk) cachet on cover | "Giacobini-Zinner Flyby" |
| Australia | 1986-03-25 | Canberra ACT | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "closest approach...Halley's Comet" |
| Spain | 1986-03-25 | Madrid | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "closest approach...Halley's Comet" |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Pasadena CA | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "closest approach...Halley's Comet" |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Barstow CA | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "closest approach...Halley's Comet" |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Greenbelt MD | (Space Voyage) cachet on cover | "closest approach...Halley's Comet" |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Greenbelt MD | (NASA GSFC blue rubber-stamp) cachet on cover | closest approach to Halley's Comet |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Greenbelt MD | (Brown and cyan printed) cachet on cover | closest approach to Halley's Comet |
| United States | 1986-03-25 | Greenbelt MD | (Zaso silk) cachet on cover | closest approach to Halley's Comet |
| ISEE / ICE (on other than ISEE / ICE launch covers) | ||||
| Austria | 1986-03-06 | Graz | (Purple printed) cachet on Vega-1 event cover | "ICE" |
1This checklist includes the USA GEOS series only, not the ESA-GEOS series.
2Explorer-59 / ISEE-3 was renamed ICE (International Cometary Explorer) in 1983.
3Explorer-6 and Pioneer-5 were similar "paddlewheel" satellites. It is believed that Explorer-6 contained two short antennas on its "top", whereas Pioneer-5 contained only a single short antenna. When there are no antennas on top, the distinction is unclear, but of the two, Pioneer-5 is assumed.
Back to scientific/research/technology satellites.
Back to Solar-observing spacecraft.
Back to Un-manned Satellite Philately.
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