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Thermometers, Temperatures
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Thermometers, Temperatures
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Below are checklists of the following thermometers and temperatures on postal items (stamps, souvenir sheets, aerogrammes, postal cards, etc.). Catalog numbers, years of issue, and notes on the items featured are given when available. If readers know of additional information or images, please contact the authors using the e-mail addresses at the bottom of this page.
See also the following topics on the Weather Maps page:
See also the following Contributors to Meteorology whose names were used for temperature units:
| Country | Catalog Number* | Type of Item** | Year of Issue | Thermometer and/or Temperatures (scales and/or units) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermometers (and Thermographs) | ||||
| Afghanistan | 1360 (Mi1644) | 1989 | Open instrument shelter (thermometers inferred) | |
| Argentina | Unknown (new issue) | MS2 (a-b) | 2009 | Graduated thermometer (°C) |
| Argentina | Unknown fdc (new issue) | MS2 on FDC | ||
| British Antarctic Territory | 319 (Mi345) | 2002 | Four thermometers (minimum, maximum, dry, wet-bulb) and thermograph in open instrument shelter | |
| Canada | 479 fdc1 (Mi420) | Cachet on FDC | 1968 | Two thermometers in open instrument shelter |
| Canada | 479 fdc2 | Cachet (different) on FDC, also detail | 1968 | Thermometer in hand |
| Canada | 479 fdc3 | Cachet (different) on FDC | 1968 | Two thermometers (on left and right edges of cachet) |
| Canada | 479 fdc4 | Cachet (different) on FDC | 1968 | Two thermometers (on left and right edges of cachet) |
| Canada | 479 fdc5 | Cachet (different) on FDC | 1968 | Thermometer (in text) |
| Canada | 1287 fdc (Mi1196 fdc) | Cachet on FDC | 1990 | Two thermometers on wall |
| Canada | 2205a (Mi2391-2392) | In (right) margin of MS2 (2204-2205), see detail | 2007 | Graduated thermometer (°C) |
| Canada | 2205b | In gutter of MS16 (8x 2204-2205), see detail | 2007 | Graduated thermometer (°C) |
| China (People's Republic) | 1387 (Mi1396) | 1978 | Grass minimum thermometer | |
| China (People's Republic) | 1384-1388 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| China (People's Republic) | 1516 (Mi1522) | 1979 | Thermometer in hand of girl | |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2002 | Thermometer |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2005 | Graduated thermometer (with 100°C for all markings!)4 |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2005 | Digital thermometers |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2006 | Automatic observing station with temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter |
| Colombia | 680 (Mi827) | 1958 | Thermometer in boiling water | |
| Colombia | C309 (Mi828) | |||
| Colombia | 680+C309 fdc | Two stamps and cachet on FDC | ||
| Colombia | C310 (Mi829) | |||
| Denmark | None | Cinderella | 193? | Thermometer (°C) |
| Denmark | None | Cinderella | 19?? | Single and dual-scale thermometers (°C/°F) |
| Denmark | 489 fdc | Cachet on FDC | 1972 | Two thermometers(dry and wet-bulb) |
| Finland | 767 fdc | Cancel on FDC | 1988 | Graduated thermometer |
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | C19 fdc | Cancel on FDC | 1970 | Graduated thermometer |
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | None | Cachet on cover | 1994 | Thermometer |
| Germany | None | Cachet on cover | 1933 | Carl Rose thermometer advertisement |
| Germany | None | Cachet on cover | 1933 | Hugo Voigt thermometer advertisement |
| Germany | None | Cachet on cover | 1935 | Paul Remdt thermometer advertisement |
| Germany | None | Meter | 1935 | Thermometer advertisement |
| Germany | None | Meter on cover | 1941 | Thermometer advertisement |
| Germany (West) | None | Meter | 1954 | Thermometer advertisement |
| Germany (West) | None | Meter | 1980 | Thermometer advertisement |
| Germany | None | Cinderella | 19?? | Fever thermometer (°C) |
| Germany | 2143+cancel | Cancel | 2001 | Two small aspirated shelters for temperature sensors on right side of tower section |
| Ghana | 573 (Mi633?) | 1976 | Three temperatures (0°C, 37°C, 100°C), fever thermometer (37°C shown), correctly given as degrees "Celsius"3 (in text) | |
| Gilbert and Ellice Islands | 218 (Mi213) | 1973 | Four thermometers and thermograph in open instrument shelter | |
| Gilbert and Ellice Islands | 219 (Mi214) | |||
| Gilbert and Ellice Islands | 218-221 fdc | Two stamps on FDC | ||
| Great Britain | 1130 (Mi1056) | 1986 | Portion of dual-scale fever thermometer (37°C/98.6°F in red) | |
| Great Britain (Jersey) | 1300 (Mi1331) | 2008 | Dual-scale dial thermometer (°C/°F) | |
| Great Britain (Jersey) | 1297-1301 fdc | One of five stamps on FDC, also back | ||
| India | 708 (Mi662) | 1975 | Automatic observing station with temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter (cylinder with conical top) | |
| India | 708 fdc | Stamp and cachet on FDC | ||
| India | 708 folder1 | FDC folder | ||
| India | 708 folder2 | FDC folder (different) | ||
| India | 708 folder3 | FDC folder (same, but with Trivandrum cancel) | ||
| Iraq | 959 (Mi1039) i959 | 1980 | Graduated thermometer (-60°C to +60°C) | |
| Iraq | 959+962 dual | Dual deluxe sheet | ||
| Iraq | 960 (Mi1040) i960 | |||
| Iraq | 960+963 dual | Dual deluxe sheet | ||
| Iraq | 961 (Mi1041) i961 | |||
| Iraq | 961+964 dual | Dual deluxe sheet | ||
| Israel | 1613 (Mi?) | Also MS15 (1613a (15x 1613)) | 2006 | Digital fever thermometer (37.8°C) |
| Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania | 226 (Mi?) | 1971 | Two thermometers (0°C to 100°C, 32°F to 212°F) | |
| Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania | 225-228 fdc1 | One of four stamps on FDC | ||
| Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania | 225-228 fdc2 | One of four stamps on FDC (different cancel) | ||
| Korea (South) | 2285d (Mi?) | One of block of four (2285 (a-d)), or four of (2285e (4x (a-d))) | 2008 | Five graduated thermometers (°C) |
| Malagasy Republic | 1062 (Mi1389) | 1992 | Two symbolic thermometers, two temperatures (25°C, 35°C) | |
| Montserrat | 997 (Mi1106) | 1999 | Graduated thermometer | |
| Mozambique | 1105 (Mi1187) | 1989 | Two or more thermometers in open instrument shelter | |
| Namibia | 692 (Mi700) | 1991 | Four thermometers (minimum, maximum, dry, wet-bulb) in open instrument shelter | |
| Netherlands | None | Cancel | 1936 | Portion of dual-scale thermometer, two temperatures (0°C, 32°F) |
| Netherlands | None | Cachet on cover | 1945 | Thermometer, "De Juiste Temperatuur" |
| Netherlands | B650 (Mi1379) | From book of 4 (B652a (B650-B651 + 2x B652)) | 1990 | Graduated thermometer (°C) scales |
| Netherlands | B651 (Mi1380) | |||
| Netherlands | B650-B652 fdc | Two of three stamps on FDC | ||
| New Zealand | 594 (Mi677) | 1976 | Symbolic thermometer | |
| New Zealand | 794 (Mi892) | 1984 | Open instrument shelter (thermometers inferred) | |
| New Zealand | 794 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| New Zealand | 794a (BL?) | MS4 (791-794) | ||
| Norway | 355-357 fdc | Cachet on FDC | 1957 | Graduated thermometer (on left side of globe) |
| Papua New Guinea | 184 (Mi?) | 1964 | Thermometer in doctor's hand | |
| Poland | None | Cancel | 1939 | Graduated thermometer |
| Russia | 6130d (Mi292) | One of strip of 5 (6130 (a-e)) | 1993 | Thermometer |
| Russia | Unknown (new issue) | From MS8 | 2009 | Temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter |
| Russia | Unknown fdc (new issue) | One of two stamps on FDC | ||
| South Africa | 610-613 fdc1 (Mi626-629 fdc1) | Cancel on FDC | 1983 | Four thermometers (minimum, maximum, dry, wet-bulb) in open instrument shelter |
| South Africa | 610-613 fdc2 (Mi626-629 fdc2) | Cancel (same) on on FDC (different) | 1983 | Four thermometers (minimum, maximum, dry, wet-bulb) in open instrument shelter |
| Spain | 1487 (Mi1708) | 1967 | Symbolic thermometer | |
| Spain | 2136 (Mi2401) | 1979 | Symbolic thermometer | |
| Spain | 3544 (Mi4290) | 2008 | Graduated thermometer (°C/°F) | |
| Spain | 3543-3544 fdc | One of two stamps and cancel on FDC | Graduated thermometer (°C/°F); medical/fever thermometer (in cancel) | |
| Sweden | 1402 (Mi1188) | One of booklet pane of 6 (1402a (6x 1402)), also inside cover | 1982 | Graduated thermometer (0°C shown) |
| Sweden | 1401-1402 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Tanganyika | 46 (Mi?) | Also booklet pane of 4 | 1961 | Thermometer in nurse's hand |
| Tanganyika | O22 (Mi?) | 46 overprinted "official" | ||
| Tunisia | 1435 (Mi?) | 2008 | Automatic observing station with temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter | |
| Tunisia | 1435 ds | Deluxe sheet | ||
| Tunisia | 1435 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Tunisia | 1435 folder | FDC folder, also inside, also back | ||
| Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | 337 (Mi344) | 1992 | Dual-scale thermometer (-20°C to 50°C, 0°F to 120°F) | |
| Tuvalu | 1030d (Mi?) | From MS6 (1030 (a-f)) | 2007 | Graduated thermometer |
| Tuvalu | 1030f (Mi?) | |||
| Uganda | 1194 (Mi1326) | 1994 | Automatic observing station with temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter | |
| Uganda | 1197 (Mi1329) | 1994 | Open instrument shelter (thermometer inferred) | |
| Uganda | 1198 (Mi1330) | 1994 | Automatic observing station with temperature sensor in small aspirated shelter | |
| Uganda | 1200 (BL207) | SS1 | 1994 | Minimum/maximum thermometer and thermograph |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover | 1904 | Thermometer dial (on oven door) advertisement |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover | 1906 | Fever thermometer advertisement |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover | 1916 | Thermometer advertisement: "Where the good thermometers come from" |
| United States | UX27 ad | Postal card (UX27), also front | 1917 | Thermometer advertisement: E. Kessling Thermometer Co. |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover | 1917 | Thermometer advertisement: "Where Tycos thermometers come from" |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover (different) | 1917 | Thermometer advertisement: "Where the good thermometers come from" |
| United States | None | Cachet (return address) on cover | 1921 | Hudson Thermometer Co. |
| United States | None | Meter, also detail | 1935 | Graduated thermometer (Abraham and Strauss, New York store ad) |
| United States | None | Meter | 1940 | "Thermometers for every purpose - accuracy guaranteed" |
| United States | None | Advertising card | 1950 | Thermometer |
| United States | None | FIRE-1 (sub-orbital) launch cover | 1964 | "Flying Thermometer" (in text) |
| United States | None | FIRE-1 (sub-orbital) launch cover (different cancel location and date) | ||
| United States | None | Meter | 1973 | Thermometer company |
| United States | 3318 (Mi3141) | One of strip of 4 (3320a (3317-3320)), or one of sheet of 20 (3320b (5x (3317-3320))) | 1999 | Dual-scale aquarium thermometer (°C/°F) |
| Upper Volta | 95 (Mi99) | 1962 | Symbolic thermometer on side of instrument shelter | |
| Temperatures and Temperature Units (No Thermometers Depicted) | ||||
| Australia | 542 (Mi514) | 1973 | Two fever temperatures (38°C, 100°F) | |
| Australia | 541-544 fdc1 | One of four stamps on FDC | ||
| Australia | 541-544 fdc2 | One of four stamps on FDC (different) | ||
| British Antarctic Territory | 342 (Mi381-382) | On one of pair (a-b) | 2004 | Map/chart: warming/cooling (°C per decade) |
| British Antarctic Territory | 343 (Mi383-384) | On one of pair (a-b) | Plot/graph: warm-to-cold | |
| British Antarctic Territory | 344 (Mi385-386) | On one of pair (a-b) | Plot/graph: temperature (°C) | |
| British Antarctic Territory | 342-344 fdc | Three pairs of stamps on FDC | [see above] | |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2001 | Hot weather warning: (35°C) |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card (different) | 2001 | Cold weather warning: (°C) |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2002 | Cold temperature warning: (°C) |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card (different) | 2002 | Hot and cold temperature warnings: (°C) |
| China (People's Republic) | None | Postal card | 2006 | Surface weather map: temperatures (°C) |
| Costa Rica | None | QSL card5; also back | 1938 | San Jose average temperature (22°C, 72°F) |
| Croatia | None | Cachet on WMD1 cover | 1991 | Plot/graph: temperatures: kelvin (K), given as (°K)2 |
| Croatia | None | Cachet on WMD1 cover | 2002 | Plot/graph: temperature (°C) |
| Croatia | None | Cachet on WMD1 cover | 2003 | Plot/graph: temperature (°C) |
| Denmark | 936 (Mi1000) | 1991 | Satellite thermal image: water temperatures (°C) | |
| Denmark | 937 (Mi1001) | 1991 | Satellite thermal image: land temperatures (°C) | |
| France | 1435 (Mi1921) | 1975 | Temperature unit symbol: kelvin (K) | |
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | None | Cachet on cover | 1994 | Record and previous record temperatures (25.8°C, 23.1°C) |
| Germany (West) | 1102 (Mi760) | 1973 | Surface weather map: temperatures (°C) | |
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc1 | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc2 | Stamp on FDC (different) | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc3 | Two stamps and cachet (different) on FDC | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc4 | Stamp and cachet (different) on FDC | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc5 | Stamp and cachet (different) on FDC | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc6 | Stamp and cachet (different) on FDC | ||
| Germany (West) | 1102 fdc7 | Stamp on FDC (different) | ||
| Germany | 2090 (Mi2127) | 2000 | Surface weather map: temperatures (°C) | |
| Germany | 2090 fdc | Stamp on FDC | ||
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc1 (Mi1924-1927 fdc) | Cachet on FDC | 2001 | Temperatures (°C) |
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc2 | Cachet (same) on FDC (different) | ||
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc3 | Cachet (same) on FDC (different) | ||
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc4 | Cachet (same) on FDC (different) | ||
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc5 | Cachet (same) on FDC (different) | ||
| Great Britain | 1963-1966 fdc6 | Cachet (different) on FDC | ||
| Great Britain | 1966a fdc | Cachet on FDC (different) | ||
| Guinea-Bissau | Unknown c | One of MS6 (a-f) | 2009 | Equation with temperature as a variable |
| Guinea-Bissau | Unknown fdc | MS6 on FDC | ||
| Guyana | 437b (Mi?) | One of MS6 (437 (a-f)) (BL11) | 1982 | Temperature unit symbol: °C |
| Guyana | 557b (Mi?) | One of MS6 (557 (a-f)), 437 overprinted (BL12) | 1982 | Temperature unit symbol: °C |
| Italy | 714 (Mi972) | 1956 | "temperatura" | |
| Japan | 2698d (Mi3008) | One of MS10 (2698 (a-j)) | 2000 | Surface weather map: temperatures (°C) |
| Macao (Macau) | 1152b (Mi1351) | From MS16 (4x (1152 (a-d))) | 2004 | Cosmic background temperature of universe (2.7 K) |
| Macao (Macau) | 1152c (Mi1352) | Temperature equation | ||
| Namibia | 690-693 fdc (Mi698-701 fdc) | Cachet on FDC | 1991 | Average annual temperatures (°C) |
| Netherlands | B652 (Mi1381) | One of book of 4 (B652a (B650-B651 + 2x B652)), see detail | 1990 | Synoptic code message from DeBilt, Netherlands: temperature (12.9°C) and dew point temperature (8.9°C) |
| Netherlands | B650-B652 fdc | Two of three stamps on FDC | ||
| Netherlands | 841 (Mi1484) | 1993 | van der Waals equation: temperature | |
| Netherlands | 1166b (Mi2193-2194) | On 5 tabs of MS10 (5x 1165-1166 + 10 tabs) | 2004 | Five climatological temperatures (°C) |
| Pakistan | 771 (Mi847) | 1992 | Satellite thermal image: temperatures (°C) | |
| Peru | 1423 (Mi1938) | 2004 | Temperature anomaly chart | |
| Peru | 1423 folder | FDC folder, also inside, and back | ||
| Portugal | 1114 (Mi1147) | 1971 | Surface weather map: temperatures (°C) | |
| Portugal | 1113-1115 fdc | One of three stamps on FDC | ||
| Romania | 1874 (Mi2534) | 1966 | Temperature unit symbol: kelvin (K), given as "degrees" kelvin (°K)2 | |
| Romania | None | Cachet on cover back, also front | 1992 | Temperature range (-23°C to -30°C) |
| Slovenia | 152 (Mi38) | 1993 | Stefan-Boltzmann Law: temperature | |
| Sweden | None | Cancel | 1980 | Two temperatures (12°C, 21°C) |
| Sweden | 1664 (Mi?) | One of booklet pane of 5 (1665a (1661-1665)) (C127?) | 1987 | Cosmic background temperature of universe (3 K) |
| Sweden | 1749 (Mi1553) | One of booklet pane of 6 (1754a (1749-1754)) | 1989 | Climate: temperature anomaly plot (+/- degrees) |
| Switzerland | 1334 | From MS10 (1334a (10x 1334) | 2009 | +1.5°C (temperature rise, 1850-2008) |
| Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) | None | Cinderella (red) | 1960s | Monthly temperatures (°C), incorrectly given as degrees "centigrade"3 (in text) |
| Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) | None | Cinderella (green) | 1960s | Monthly temperatures (°C), incorrectly given as degrees "centigrade"3 (in text) |
| Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) | None | Cinderella (tan) | 1960s | Monthly temperatures (°F), "Fahrenheit" (in text) |
| Tuvalu | 810 (BL?) | In (lower) margin of MS6 (810 (a-f)) | 1999 | Mean annual temperature (30°C, 86°F) |
| Tuvalu | 1031d (Mi?) | From MS6 (1031 (a-f)) | 2007 | "Warmer temperature" |
| Tuvalu | 1033 (BL?) | SS1 | 2007 | "Global temperatures" |
| United Nations (Geneva) | 177 (Mi177) | Block of 4 (4x 177) | 1989 | Satellite thermal image: "temperatures" (in text) |
| United States | None | Postmark on cover back | 1897 | Lansing MI forecast: Colder |
| United States | None | Cachet on advertising cover | 1902 | Temperature differences: winter 8°F higher, summer 10°F lower (°F implied) |
| United States | None | Postmark on cover | 1938 | Minimum (67°F) and maximum (74°F) temperatures (°F implied) |
| United States | None | Cachet on cover | 1947 | "hot or cold" (in text) |
| United States | None | Cinderella | 19?? | Extreme temperature range: 82°F (°F implied) |
| United States | 3351m (Mi3204) 3351m back | On back of one of MS20 (3351 (a-t)) | 1999 | Temperature (100°C), incorrectly given as degrees "centigrade"3 (in text) |
| United States | 4070 (Mi4115) 4070_back | One of MS40 (4072a (4033-4072)), also back | 2006 | Hottest place in U.S.: Death Valley CA, 134°F in July 1913 |
*Scott catalog number.
**FDC = first day cover; SS# = souvenir sheet, MS# = miniature sheet, where # = number of stamps in sheet, and the numbers in parentheses are the catalog numbers of the stamps in the sheet.
1WMD = World Meteorological Day.
2The official name was changed to "kelvin" and symbol "K" by the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1967.
3The official name was changed from "centigrade degree" to "Celsius degree" by the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1948.
4An advertisement card for China Uniform, a big telecommunication company. The thermometer has all 100°C above, and Chinese city names (likely the capital for each province) below. The cities are located from north to south (colder to hotter) when you read from left to right. The markings are actually meant to represent "100-percent-special" in each city, the service being the same in each city with no "temperature" difference. The 100°C might also imply their good and warm service. [Translation provided by Fang Wang, Colorado State University]
5A QSL card is a written confirmation, meaning either "do you confirm receipt of my transmission" or "I confirm receipt of your transmission". QSL is not an acronym but is one of the many three-letter Q codes used in radiocommunication.
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